Lecturas ·

Lecturas

A personal reader. Annotated readings of articles, podcasts, and topics worth slowing down for.

2026 42 pieces

Issues

N° 32 30 June 2026 thesis

What the AI Act would ask of PATTERN

A single algorithm sorts almost everyone in U.S. federal prison into a risk category that helps decide when they go home. It is audited by the GAO, revalidated by the Justice Department's own researchers, and challenged in a handful of lawsuits — and still there is almost no built-in way for the person scored to contest the score. This reading uses PATTERN as the worked example of a thesis-level claim: that documented compliance and contestable compliance are different things, and that the distance between them is exactly what a high-risk regulatory regime is built to close.

N° 31 24 June 2026 thesis

Choosing a method to build an ontology

Method, language, and tool are three different things, and confusing them is the most common mistake in ontology work. This reading sorts the landscape of ontology engineering methodologies, explains how the main ones actually work, and shows why a regulatory-comparison thesis should reuse rather than invent — and which method makes reuse the whole point.

N° 30 17 June 2026 ai-policy

What XAI gets wrong about explanation

The XAI field thinks producing a decision tree or a counterfactual is the end of explanation. Two leading ontologists say it is only the beginning — and the confusion is causing real problems for data integration, AI transparency, and the compliance frameworks that depend on both.

N° 29 13 June 2026 geopolitics

Restoring the fear

A follow-up to N° 10. Karaganov, now joined by Mearsheimer, sharpens his case for using a small number of nuclear weapons against European targets to coerce the West into backing down — and reveals, in passing, a position on Germany that Mearsheimer correctly identifies as essentialism with a longer pedigree. A guided reading of where the two analysts agree, where they break apart, and what each side keeps invisible.

N° 28 12 June 2026 geopolitics

The route that rewrites the map

The Arctic corridor is open four and a half months a year, carries nearly 40 million tonnes of cargo, and is gaining new port investors, shipping partners, and energy customers at a pace that has little to do with geopolitics and everything to do with cost.

N° 27 6 Jun 2026 finance

When the debt becomes the war

Bond yields, a $1.9 trillion deficit, and a savings rate at 2.6%. David Lin walks through the mechanics of how America's debt problem is quietly becoming everyone's cost-of-living problem — regardless of whether the Strait of Hormuz stays open or not.

N° 26 3 Jun 2026 geopolitics

What the petrodollar bought, and what it is losing

Two Marxist economists — one in New York, one in Athens — work through the financial plumbing of US empire: the petrodollar, the recycling mechanism, Scott Bessent's panicked swap line, and why the war with Iran is unlike any crisis since 1945. A guided reading of a wide conversation.

N° 26 2 Jun 2026 geopolitics

The light-beer economy and the strait that will not reopen

Art Berman breaks down why the US imports 6.5 million barrels a day despite being called energy-independent, why the two oil prices on your screen describe completely different realities, and why the consensus among every credible energy analyst is that nothing is going back to normal.

N° 26 2 Jun 2026 geopolitics

The wrong kind of oil, and the price of a war we can't unwind

Petroleum geologist Art Berman explains why the US can't simply replace Persian Gulf oil with its own, why the strait cannot reopen quickly by any realistic measure, and what the futures market's $89 July contract actually means when spot oil trades at $140. The answer to each question is the same: the administration's public claims are false.

N° 26 31 May 2026 thesis

Does the AI Act have what it takes to become a global standard?

The Brussels Effect framework asks whether a jurisdiction can globalise its standards unilaterally through market force. Applying Bradford's five conditions to the EU AI Act yields a mixed verdict — and a precise diagnosis of why interoperability between the AI Act and the NIST RMF is structurally harder than it looks.

N° 21 29 May 2026 geopolitics

The oil weapon, the debt trap, and the war Hudson says was always coming

Michael Hudson argues that the Iran war is not a geopolitical accident but the deliberate culmination of a US strategy to control the world's oil supply — and that the resulting financial shock, layered on top of already over-leveraged economies, will be irreversible.

N° 25 25 May 2026

The settlement Trump filed against himself

David French, Jamelle Bouie, and Michelle Cottle dissect how Trump turned a lawsuit against his own IRS into a $1.776 billion patronage fund, immunized his family from tax enforcement, and handed the Republican Party an anchor headed into the midterms.

N° 25 25 May 2026

The president who sued himself — and created a civil pardon

Trump v. IRS was a legal fiction: Trump sued his own agency, his DOJ defended it, and no genuine adversary existed. When the case collapsed, what replaced it was $1.776 billion with zero judicial oversight and a sweeping release of civil liability for Trump and his family. David French and Jamelle Bouie explain why it may be the most corrupt act of either Trump term — and why the administration cannot see the political cost coming.

N° 19 21 May 2026 geopolitics

The declaration against the law of the jungle

On May 20, Putin and Xi signed a four-principle joint declaration in Beijing. Pepe Escobar reads it alongside Judge Napolitano. This piece works through the document itself — its lineage, its architecture, and what it means that it names neither the United States nor Iran nor Ukraine.

N° 21 20 May 2026 geopolitics

The moment Russia's OSCE ambassador says nobody will name

Russia's top diplomat at the OSCE argues that the margin between indirect and direct NATO-Russia war has dissolved into daily events. Latvia's drone crisis, the Baltic Sea, and a Russian expert community where tactical nuclear use is no longer taboo.

N° 24 18 May 2026 geopolitics

The war the United States has already lost

Trita Parsi argues the war the US fought against Iran in June was a strategic defeat already delivered — every escalation triggered the next failure rather than resolving the last. The second round, should it come, would target US energy infrastructure in the Gulf, undersea fiber cables, and businesses connected to Trump himself. A reading on what the war cost and what a return would cost more.

N° 20 17 May 2026 geopolitics

The empire, the hybrid, and the third option

The companion piece to the empire-decline reading. Wolff is interested in what fills the conceptual space the Washington Consensus used to fill — and in a third option, multilateral and unrehearsed, that he says is being discussed in Beijing and not in Washington.

N° 22 17 May 2026 thesis

Bradford's argument for the unilateral power of Brussels

Anu Bradford's 2012 Northwestern University Law Review article identified the precise conditions under which a single jurisdiction can set global standards without treaties, coercion, or consent. The framework has become the dominant lens for analysing EU regulatory power — including, now, in the architecture of the AI Act. A reading on market power, regulatory capacity, the mechanics of nondivisibility, the politics of EU motivation, and the structural limits that constrain the Effect.

N° 23 17 May 2026 thesis

How Brussels regulates the world

Anu Bradford's book-length argument: five conditions, two mechanisms (de facto, de jure), four case studies — competition, digital economy, consumer health, environment — and an assessment of whether the EU's regulatory hegemony will outlive its economic decline. A reading on the framework the AI Act now inherits.

N° 21 17 May 2026 ai-policy

The machine god that Beijing does not worship

The US pours hundreds of billions into the pursuit of artificial superintelligence. China builds delivery robots, humanoid factory workers, and cheap open-source models that half the world downloads for free. Kyle Chan maps the divergence and argues the American obsession with AGI may be obscuring the competition that actually matters.

N° 20 17 May 2026 geopolitics

The pressure cooker Europe cannot open

Mercouris and Diesen map the legitimacy crisis spreading across Europe — from Starmer's Britain to Merz's Germany — and argue that the continent's foreign policy obsession with Russia is accelerating its own decline. A reading on rigidity, anger, and the closing window for self-correction.

N° 19 17 May 2026 geopolitics

The hybrid Wolff says won

After Trump's two-day summit in Beijing, the Marxist economist Richard Wolff sits with Glenn Diesen and treats the meeting as a transition marker. China, he argues, has won the developmental race the American model was supposed to win — and the Iran misadventure has made the new alignment visible.

N° 19 17 May 2026 geopolitics

Wolff on the reaction formation of empire

Richard Wolff returns to a different host after the second Trump–Xi summit and offers two analytical moves: the 'hybrid' that names what China actually is, and the 'reaction formation' that names what the empire is doing instead of what it cannot do.

N° 18 16 May 2026 geopolitics

Who walked toward whom in Beijing

Colonel Lawrence Wilkerson, former chief of staff to Colin Powell, dissects the Beijing summit: what the choreography revealed, why China owned the meeting, and what the Kagan mea culpa tells us about neoconservative reckoning with imperial decline.

N° 17 14 May 2026 thesis

Two ways to put law in code

A 341-page open-access textbook from Oxford turns out to be a foundational argument for anyone studying transatlantic regulatory comparison. Hildebrandt claims that legal protection is contingent on the affordances of text, and that the move into computational infrastructures opens two distinct design paths — only one of which preserves what makes law protective in the first place. The distinction reads as a diagnostic for everything that comes after, including the AI Act and the NIST AI Risk Management Framework.

N° 16 14 May 2026 ai-policy

The right to contest, missing from American AI law

A 90-page article in the Columbia Law Review maps four ways a right to contest AI can be designed, finds that every major instance fails differently, and argues the United States has missed something the GDPR, Brazil, Canada, and the OECD have all reached for. Four archetypes, four case studies, one diagnostic for American algorithmic law.

N° 15 14 May 2026 ai-policy

The right to argue with the machine

You can contest a wrong credit card charge and win 90% of the time, for free. You cannot contest an algorithm that denies you a kidney transplant. Kaminski and Urban map the gap, build the case from due process theory, and propose four archetypes for a right the United States still lacks.

N° 15 13 May 2026

Desmet on the crowd before the ringleader

The Ghent clinical psychologist whose mass formation theory went viral in 2022 returns to Glenn Diesen's podcast to argue the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany were not classical dictatorships at all, and that the version Hannah Arendt warned of in 1953 — led by bureaucrats and technocrats — is now arriving. A guided reading of his core argument and its quieter contestants.

N° 02 12 May 2026

The toll booth, the triangle, and the summit

Pepe Escobar argues a new triangle of Russia-China-Iran is rewriting Eurasian power, that Hormuz is the choke point Washington has lost the ability to dictate, and that the US-Israel axis is cornered, not ascendant.

N° 14 10 May 2026 finance

Wolff on the watchword that became just-in-case

The Marxist economist reads the post-Hormuz oil shortage as more than an oil story. Forty years of just-in-time production are giving way to just-in-case storage; the 1970s petrodollar bargain has been hollowed out by missile range; and an American empire that cannot tax its way through a shock has run out of room to borrow.

N° 13 10 May 2026 ai-policy

Three pages, one task force, fifty states

A January 9 memorandum from the Attorney General establishes a Justice Department task force whose sole purpose is to challenge state AI laws. The text runs three pages and is, in operative terms, a transcription of the executive order it implements. A guided reading of what the brevity does — and what the institutional commitment signals.

N° 11 10 May 2026 ai-policy

The patchwork, the preemption, and the gap

An executive order to dismantle state AI regulation that explicitly defers the framework it claims to provide. A guided reading of what the order actually directs, what its mechanisms can and cannot do, and the distance between the announcement and the architecture.

N° 10 10 May 2026 geopolitics

The ladder Karaganov says Russia must climb

Sergey Karaganov, in his latest conversation with Glenn Diesen, argues Russia is inside a fourth world war and must climb the nuclear escalation ladder against European elites. A guided reading of what he wants, what the Kremlin has actually adopted, and where the limits of his influence lie.

N° 12 10 May 2026 geopolitics

What Robert Pape spent twenty years modeling

A University of Chicago strategist who has advised every White House since 2001 explains why the war on Iran is following the playbook he modeled for two decades. Tactical wins, in his account, are not strategic wins — and the gap between them is what closes the trap.

N° 09 9 May 2026 ai-policy

The deregulatory bluff Europe is calling on itself

A Carnegie Europe fellow argues the EU's deregulatory turn on AI is solving the wrong problem. The real obstacles — underfunding, fragmented markets, foreign infrastructure dependence — don't respond to lighter rules. A close reading for anyone tracking the Brussels Effect in retreat.

N° 07 9 May 2026 ai-policy

The third condition each AI regime cannot supply

The director of Harvard's Carr-Ryan Center argues that AI governance needs three things at once — governance reach, technological power, and rights commitment — and that no major regime has all three. A guided reading of the trilemma, the gaps, and the closing window.

N° 05 9 May 2026

Fifty-eight years and one pipeline

The Financial Times unpacks why the UAE really left OPEC after fifty-eight years — quotas that no longer fit, a Saudi partnership fractured over Yemen, and the 400-kilometer pipeline that made walking away possible.

N° 04 9 May 2026

Brussels in Denver

Brussels in Denver: Colorado's AI Act faces a federal preemption challenge from xAI, with the DOJ stepping in. A guided reading of what's actually being decided and why it matters beyond one state.

N° 08 9 May 2026

The bottle, the signature, and the FBI

The FBI director hands out engraved bottles of Woodford Reserve, transports cases on DOJ planes, and threatens to polygraph staff over a missing one. Sarah Fitzpatrick's follow-up reads as a study in the personalization of an institution whose authority depends on impersonality.

N° 03 8 May 2026

Twelve hours in Brussels

The EU's AI Act trilogue is stalling on general-purpose AI obligations as the Digital Omnibus reopens settled questions. A guided reading of where Brussels is and what it means for who writes the rules.

N° 06 8 May 2026

What China spent six weeks building

Donald Trump arrives in Beijing on 14 May for a summit twice postponed by an Iran war he did not plan. While Washington depleted Pacific munitions and dispatched the Vice President to Islamabad, Xi quietly built the leverage he now intends to charge for.

N° 01 5 May 2026

The cycle Ray Dalio says America is inside

The founder of the world's largest hedge fund argues the United States is moving through a 500-year empire-cycle script — peaking, indebted, dollar-strained, and culturally divided. A guided reading of his case.

More to come